Specific Objectives
Deepen the following concepts before Parmenides (considered the “Father of Metaphysics,” the first western metaphysical thought), Greek’s speculation about the origin of the things was cosmological, physical, and now becomes metaphysical, ontological, or better, the problem with the first principle and the substance is at the ontological level.
Sophists: the beginning of anthropology, the social man (“educate men” is the motto of Protagoras, the “Father of Humanism” and “Father of Relativism”) preceding the Socratic period with the moral and ethical man, in preparation for the advent of Jesus. (STS)
Philosophers
Parmenides of Elea (530-444 BC) -Eleatic School
Protagoras of Abdera (480-410 BC) – Sophist
“Do not judge a doctrine of being based on feeling, but based on rational logic.” (Parmenides).
Constitutive principles of the Universe: God, Spirit and Matter
The genesis of the spirit, based on the three underlying principles of the Universe: God, Spirit and Matter, instead of being limited to the Earth, reaches the infinite vastness; instead of setting a deadline for the creation, extend it for all eternity.
“The visible things are a spiral on the invisible.” (Democritus and Heraclitus)
The man, the Spirit develops its perfectibility cultivating his faculties, until he reaches the last step of his rising, and the ultimate abilities will be to know the secrets of the highest creation, which were in his long series of existences, incomprehensible mysteries (Bezerra de Menezes).
